Polyatomic Ions

+1 CHARGE		-1 CHARGE		-2 CHARGE		-3 CHARGE		-4 CHARGE
ion	name	ion	name	ion	name	ion	name	ion	name
NH4+	ammonium	H2PO3-	dihydrogen phosphite	HPO32-	hydrogen phosphite	PO33-	phosphite	P2O74-	pyrophosphate
H3O+	hydronium	H2PO4-	dihydrogen phosphate	HPO42-	hydrogen phosphate	PO43-	phosphate
Hg22+	mercury(I)	HCO3-	hydrogen carbonate	CO32-	carbonate	PO23-	hypophosphite
		HSO3-	hydrogen sulfite	SO32-	sulfite	AsO33-	arsenite
		HSO4-	hydrogen sulfate	SO42-	sulfate	AsO43-	arsenate
		NO2-	nitrite	S2O32-	thiosulfate
		NO3-	nitrate	SiO32-	silicate
		OH-	hydroxide	C22-	carbide
		CH3COO-	acetate	C2O42-	oxalate
		CrO2-	chromite	CrO42-	chromate
		CN-	cyanide	Cr2O72-	dichromate
		CNO-	cyanate	C4H4O62-	tartrate
		CNS-	thiocyanate	MoO42-	molybdate
		O2-	superoxide	O22-	peroxide
		MnO4-	permanganate	S22-	disulfide
		ClO-	hypochlorite
		ClO2-	chlorite
		ClO3-	chlorate
		ClO4-	perchlorate
		BrO-	hypobromite
		BrO2-	bromite
		BrO3-	bromate
		BrO4-	perbromate
		IO-	hypoiodite
		IO2-	iodite
		IO3-	iodate
		IO4-	periodate
		AlO2-	aluminate
		N3-	azide

Organic Nomenclature

Alkanes

Name	Molecular Formula	Structural Formula	Isomers		Name	Molecular Formula	Structural Formula	Isomers
methane	CH4	CH4	1		hexane	C6H14	CH3(CH2)4CH3	5
ethane	C2H6	CH3CH3	1		heptane	C7H16	CH3(CH2)5CH3	9
propane	C3H8	CH3CH2CH3	1		octane	C8H18	CH3(CH2)6CH3	18
butane	C4H10	CH3CH2CH2CH3	2		nonane	C9H20	CH3(CH2)7CH3	35
pentane	C5H12	CH3(CH2)3CH3	3		decane	C10H22	CH3(CH2)8CH3	75

Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkenes and Alkynes

Alkenes and alkynes are hydrocarbons which respectively have carbon-carbon double bond and carbon-carbon triple bond functional groups. The molecular formulas of these unsaturated hydrocarbons reflect the multiple bonding of the functional groups:

Alkane	R–CH2–CH2–R	CnH2n+2	This is the maximum H/C ratio for a given number of carbon atoms.
Alkene	R–CH=CH–R	CnH2n	Each double bond reduces the number of hydrogen atoms by 2.
Alkyne	R–C≡C–R	CnH2n-2	Each triple bond reduces the number of hydrogen atoms by 4.